Klasse "Robot"
Dies ist ein Beispiel für eine Bibliothek, die dir Grundfunktionen des Fahrens in objektorientierter Programmierung zeigt.
Die Funktion drive(self, dir_l, dir_r): setzt die Fahrfunktion allgemein um. Um den Aufruf der Grundfunktionen zu vereinfachen, wird diese Funktion von einfacher benannten Funktionen aufgerufen.
from robotlibrary.motor import Motor
from robotlibrary.ultrasonic import Ultra
from robotlibrary.infrared import IR
from robotlibrary.servo import Servo
# Version 1.0
import utime, random
class Robot:
'''Initialize the class.
The parameters are in this order:
motor_left = First pin for left motor, f.ex. 12
motor_right = First pin for right motor, f. ex 14
us = First pin for ultrasonic sensor, f. ex. 16
ir = Pin for IR-sensor, f. ex. 11
servo = Pin for servo motor, f. ex. 9
Motors and ultrasonic sensor must use consecutive pins.'''
def __init__(self,ml,mr,us,ir,s):
self.motor_left = Motor(ml)
self.motor_right = Motor(mr)
if us >= 0:
self.us = Ultra(us)
if ir >= 0:
self.ir = IR(ir,self)
if s >=0:
self.servo = Servo(s,self)
self.speed = 0
self.new_speed = 0
self.last_turn_right = random.randint(0,1) == 0
# def __init__(self,elements):
# for key in elements:
# self.key = elements[key]
# print(key)
# self.speed = 0
# self.new_speed = 0
# self.last_turn_right = random.randint(0,1) == 0
def drive(self, dir_l, dir_r):
'''This abstracted driving function is only called locally by the other functions with better names. '''
print("alte_G: ", self.speed, " neue G: ", self.new_speed)
self.motor_left.set_forward(dir_l)
self.motor_right.set_forward(dir_r)
if self.new_speed < self.speed:
steps = -1
else:
steps = 1
for i in range(self.speed,self.new_speed,steps):
self.motor_left.set_speed(i)
self.motor_right.set_speed(i)
utime.sleep_ms(10+int(i/2))
self.speed = self.new_speed
def drive_instantly(self,dir_l,dir_r):
self.motor_left.set_forward(dir_l)
self.motor_right.set_forward(dir_r)
self.motor_left.set_speed(self.new_speed)
self.motor_right.set_speed(self.new_speed)
self.speed = self.new_speed
def set_speed(self,s):
'''Sets the new speed. Has to be set before
other driving functions when changing the speed of the robot. '''
self.new_speed = s
def forward(self):
'''Drive forward. Speed has to be set before with set_speed()'''
self.drive(True, True)
def backward(self):
'''Drive forward. Speed has to be set before with set_speed()'''
self.drive(False, False)
def turn_right(self, d):
'''Turn right for the given duration. We cannot determine the angle the robot turns without a compass or gyroscope.'''
self.drive_instantly(True,False)
utime.sleep_ms(d)
self.emergency_stop()
def turn_before_obstacle(self, distance):
self.drive(True,False)
while self.get_dist() < distance:
pass
self.emergency_stop()
def turn_left(self, d):
'''Turn right for the given duration. We cannot determine the angle the robot turns without a compass or gyroscope.'''
self.drive_instantly(False,True)
utime.sleep_ms(d)
self.emergency_stop()
def toggle_turn(self, d):
'''Toggle turn for the given duration. We cannot determine the angle the robot turns without a compass or gyroscope.'''
if self.last_turn_right:
self.turn_left(d)
else:
self.turn_right(d)
self.last_turn_right = not self.last_turn_right
def random_turn(self,d):
'''Randomly turn for the given duration. We cannot determine the angle the robot turns without a compass or gyroscope.'''
if random.randint(0,1) == 0:
self.turn_left(d)
else:
self.turn_right(d)
def stop(self):
'''Stop the robot slowly by deceleration. '''
self.set_speed(0)
self.drive(self.motor_left.forward, self.motor_right.forward)
def emergency_stop(self):
'''Stop the robot immediately.'''
self.motor_left.set_speed(0)
self.motor_right.set_speed(0)
# self.set_speed(0)
self.speed = 0
def obstacle_detected(self, pin, pin_num):
'''This method is called when the IR-sensor has detected a change. Fill in your code accordingly'''
if pin.value() == 0:
print("obstacle detected on pin", pin_num)
else:
print("There is no obstacle anymore on pin ", pin_num)
# self.emergency_stop()
def get_dist(self):
return self.us.get_dist()
def set_angle(self,a):
self.servo.set_angle(a)
def get_smallest_distance(self):
'''This returns the angle of the ultrasonic sensor where it measured the smallest distance'''
self.set_angle(0)
utime.sleep_ms(500)
dist_map = {}
smallest_index=0
smallest_dist=2000.0
for i in range(0,180):
self.set_angle(i)
dist_map.update({i : self.get_dist()})
for i,dist in dist_map.items():
if dist<smallest_dist:
smallest_index=i
smallest_dist=dist
return smallest_index+1
def get_longest_distance(self):
'''This returns the angle of the ultrasonic sensor where it measured the longest distance'''
self.set_angle(0)
utime.sleep_ms(500)
dist_map = {}
longest_index=0
longest_dist=0.0
for i in range(0,180):
self.set_angle(i)
dist_map.update({i : self.get_dist()})
for i,dist in dist_map.items():
if dist>longest_dist:
longest_index=i
longest_dist=dist
return longest_index+1
Beispiel für die Benutzung der Klasse
robot = Robot(12,14,16,11,9) # Definiert die Klasse Robot, die die Pins für die Motoren übergibt.
robot.set_speed(60)
robot.forward()